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Metallicity and Temperature Indicators in M Dwarf K-band Spectra: Testing New and Updated Calibrations with Observations of 133 Solar Neighborhood M Dwarfs
We present K-band spectra for 133 nearby (d < 33 ps) M dwarfs,including 18 M dwarfs with reliable metallicity estimates (as inferredfrom an FGK type companion), 11 M dwarf planet hosts, more than 2/3 ofthe M dwarfs in the northern 8 pc sample, and several M dwarfs from theLSPM catalog. From these spectra, we measure equivalent widths of the Caand Na lines, and a spectral index quantifying the absorption due toH2O opacity (the H2O-K2 index). Using empiricalspectral type standards and synthetic models, we calibrate theH2O-K2 index as an indicator of an M dwarf's spectral typeand effective temperature. We also present a revised relationship thatestimates the [Fe/H] and [M/H] metallicities of M dwarfs from their NaI, Ca I, and H2O-K2 measurements. Comparisons to modelatmosphere provide a qualitative validation of our approach, but alsoreveal an overall offset between the atomic line strengths predicted bymodels as compared to actual observations. Our metallicity estimatesalso reproduce expected correlations with Galactic space motions andH? emission line strengths, and return statistically identicalmetallicities for M dwarfs within a common multiple system. Finally, wefind systematic residuals between our H2O-based spectraltypes and those derived from optical spectral features with previouslyknown sensitivity to stellar metallicity, such as TiO, and identify theCaH1 index as a promising optical index for diagnosing the metallicitiesof near-solar M dwarfs.
| UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars
We present homogeneous, standardized UBV(RI)C photometry forover 700 nearby stars selected on the basis of Hipparcos parallaxes.Additionally, we list JHK photometry for about half of these stars, aswell as L photometry for 86 of the brightest. A number of stars withpeculiar colours or anomalous locations in various colour-magnitudediagrams are discussed.
| The effect of activity on stellar temperatures and radii
Context: Recent analyses of low-mass eclipsing binary stars haveunveiled a significant disagreement between the observations andpredictions of stellar structure models. Results show that theoreticalmodels underestimate the radii and overestimate the effectivetemperatures of low-mass stars but yield luminosities that accord withobservations. A hypothesis based upon the effects of stellar activitywas put forward to explain the discrepancies. Aims: In this paper westudy the existence of the same trend in single active stars and providea consistent scenario to explain systematic differences between activeand inactive stars in the H-R diagram reported earlier. Methods: Theanalysis is done using single field stars of spectral types late-K and Mand computing their bolometric magnitudes and temperatures throughinfrared colours and spectral indices. The properties of the stars insamples of active and inactive stars are compared statistically toreveal systematic differences. Results: After accounting for a numberof possible bias effects, active stars are shown to be cooler thaninactive stars of similar luminosity therefore implying a larger radiusas well, in proportions that are in excellent agreement with those foundfrom eclipsing binaries. Conclusions: The present results generalisethe existence of strong radius and temperature dependences on stellaractivity to the entire population of low-mass stars, regardless of theirmembership in close binary systems.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/478/507
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Low-Luminosity Companions to White Dwarfs
This paper presents results of a near-infrared imaging survey forlow-mass stellar and substellar companions to white dwarfs. A wide-fieldproper-motion survey of 261 white dwarfs was capable of directlydetecting companions at orbital separations between ~100 and 5000 AUwith masses as low as 0.05 Msolar, while a deep near-fieldsearch of 86 white dwarfs was capable of directly detecting companionsat separations between ~50 and 1100 AU with masses as low as 0.02Msolar. Additionally, all white dwarf targets were examinedfor near-infrared excess emission, a technique capable of detectingcompanions at arbitrarily close separations down to masses of 0.05Msolar. No brown dwarf candidates were detected, whichimplies a brown dwarf companion fraction of <0.5% for white dwarfs.In contrast, the stellar companion fraction of white dwarfs as measuredby this survey is 22%, uncorrected for bias. Moreover, most of the knownand suspected stellar companions to white dwarfs are low-mass starswhose masses are only slightly greater than the masses of brown dwarfs.Twenty previously unknown stellar companions were detected, five ofwhich are confirmed or likely white dwarfs themselves, while 15 areconfirmed or likely low-mass stars. Similar to the distribution of coolfield dwarfs as a function of spectral type, the number of coolunevolved dwarf companions peaks at mid-M type. Based on the presentwork, relative to this peak, field L dwarfs appear to be roughly 2-3times more abundant than companion L dwarfs. Additionally, there is noevidence that the initial companion masses have been altered bypost-main-sequence binary interactions.
| A Search for Hot Massive Extrasolar Planets around Nearby Young Stars with the Adaptive Optics System NACO
We report on a survey devoted to the search of exoplanets around youngand nearby stars carried out with NACO at the VLT. The detection limitfor 28 among the best available targets versus the angular separationfrom the star is presented. The nondetection of any planetary masscompanion in our survey is used to derive, for the first time, thefrequency of the upper limit of the projected planet-star separation. Inparticular, we find that in 50% of the cases, no 5MJ (or moremassive) planet has been detected at projected separations larger than14 AU, and no 10MJ (or more massive) planet has been detectedat projected separations larger than 8.5 AU. In 100% of the cases, thesevalues increase to 36 and 65 AU, respectively. The excellent sensitivityreached by our study leads to a much lower upper limit of the projectedplanet-star separation compared with previous studies. For example, forthe β Pictoris group (~12 Myr), we did not detect any10MJ planet at distances larger than 15 AU. A previous studycarried out with 4 m class telescopes put an upper limit for10MJ planets at ~60 AU. For our closest target (V2306 Oph;d=4.3 pc), it is shown that it would be possible to detect a10MJ planet at a minimum projected separation from the starof 1 AU and a 5MJ planet at a minimum projected separation of3.7 AU. Our results are discussed with respect to mechanisms explainingplanet formation and migration and forthcoming observational strategiesand future planet-finder observations from the ground.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile. Program 70.C-0777D, 70.C-0777E, and 71.C-0029A.
| A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)
The LSPM catalog is a comprehensive list of 61,977 stars north of theJ2000 celestial equator that have proper motions larger than 0.15"yr-1 (local-background-stars frame). The catalog has beengenerated primarily as a result of our systematic search for high propermotion stars in the Digitized Sky Surveys using our SUPERBLINK software.At brighter magnitudes, the catalog incorporates stars and data from theTycho-2 Catalogue and also, to a lesser extent, from the All-SkyCompiled Catalogue of 2.5 million stars. The LSPM catalog considerablyexpands over the old Luyten (Luyten Half-Second [LHS] and New LuytenTwo-Tenths [NLTT]) catalogs, superseding them for northern declinations.Positions are given with an accuracy of <~100 mas at the 2000.0epoch, and absolute proper motions are given with an accuracy of ~8 masyr-1. Corrections to the local-background-stars propermotions have been calculated, and absolute proper motions in theextragalactic frame are given. Whenever available, we also give opticalBT and VT magnitudes (from Tycho-2, ASCC-2.5),photographic BJ, RF, and IN magnitudes(from USNO-B1 catalog), and infrared J, H, and Ks magnitudes(from 2MASS). We also provide an estimated V magnitude and V-J color fornearly all catalog entries, useful for initial classification of thestars. The catalog is estimated to be over 99% complete at high Galacticlatitudes (|b|>15deg) and over 90% complete at lowGalactic latitudes (|b|>15deg), down to a magnitudeV=19.0, and has a limiting magnitude V=21.0. All the northern starslisted in the LHS and NLTT catalogs have been reidentified, and theirpositions, proper motions, and magnitudes reevaluated. The catalog alsolists a large number of completely new objects, which promise to expandvery significantly the census of red dwarfs, subdwarfs, and white dwarfsin the vicinity of the Sun.Based on data mining of the Digitized Sky Surveys (DSSs), developed andoperated by the Catalogs and Surveys Branch of the Space TelescopeScience Institute (STScI), Baltimore.Developed with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), aspart of the NASA/NSF NStars program.
| High Proper Motion Stars. IV. Radial Velocities of 166 Luyten Half-Second Stars
We present 178 radial velocity measurements for 166 late-type starsselected from the Luyten half-second (LHS) proper motion catalog. Spacevelocities are given for all but two of them. Most of the stars liewithin 25 pc of the Sun, but the list includes a handful ofhigh-velocity transients from the halo population. None of the derivedspace velocities is high enough, however, to provide any constraint onthe escape speed at the solar circle. Twenty-six stars are discussed insomewhat more detail, and evidence is adduced that several of them maybe velocity variables.
| Searching for massive extrasolar planets around young and nearby stars: from NACO to CHEOPS
We report on a survey devoted to the search of exo-planets around youngand nearby stars carried out with NACO at the VLT. The detection limitfor 28 among the best available targets vs. the angular separation fromthe star is presented. The non-detection of any planetary mass companionin our survey is used to derive, for the first time, the frequency ofthe upper limit of the projected separation planet/stars. In particular,we find that in 50% of cases, no 5MJ planet (or more massive)has been detected at projected separations larger than 14 AU and no10MJ planet (or more massive) has been detected at projectedseparations larger than 8.5 AU. The excellent sensitivity reached by ourstudy leads to a much lower upper limit of the projected separationplanet-star compared with previous studies. For our closest target(V2306 Oph - d = 4.3 pc) it is shown that it would be possible to detecta 10MJ planet at a minimum projected separation from the starof 1 AU and a 5MJ planet at a minimum projected separation of3.7 AU. Our results are discussed with respect to forthcomingobservational strategies (Simultaneous Differential Imaging technique)and future planet finder observations from the ground.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| Revised Coordinates and Proper Motions of the Stars in the Luyten Half-Second Catalog
We present refined coordinates and proper-motion data for the highproper-motion (HPM) stars in the Luyten Half-Second (LHS) catalog. Thepositional uncertainty in the original Luyten catalog is typicallygreater than 10" and is often greater than 30". We have used the digitalscans of the POSS I and POSS II plates to derive more accurate positionsand proper motions of the objects. Out of the 4470 candidates in the LHScatalog, 4323 objects were manually reidentified in the POSS I and POSSII scans. A small fraction of the stars were not found because of thelack of finder charts and digitized POSS II scans. The uncertainties inthe revised positions are typically ~2" but can be as high as ~8" in afew cases, which is a large improvement over the original data.Cross-correlation with the Tycho-2 and Hipparcos catalogs yielded 819candidates (with mR<~12). For these brighter sources, theposition and proper-motion data were replaced with the more accurateTycho-2/Hipparcos data. In total, we have revised proper-motionmeasurements and coordinates for 4040 stars and revised coordinates for4330 stars. The electronic version of the paper5 contains the updated information on all 4470stars in the LHS catalog.
| Late-type members of young stellar kinematic groups - I. Single stars
This is the first paper of a series aimed at studying the properties oflate-type members of young stellar kinematic groups. We concentrate ourstudy on classical young moving groups such as the Local Association(Pleiades moving group, 20-150Myr), IC 2391 supercluster (35Myr), UrsaMajor group (Sirius supercluster, 300Myr), and Hyades supercluster(600Myr), as well as on recently identified groups such as the Castormoving group (200Myr). In this paper we compile a preliminary list ofsingle late-type possible members of some of these young stellarkinematic groups. Stars are selected from previously established membersof stellar kinematic groups based on photometric and kinematicproperties as well as from candidates based on other criteria such astheir level of chromospheric activity, rotation rate and lithiumabundance. Precise measurements of proper motions and parallaxes takenfrom the Hipparcos Catalogue, as well as from the Tycho-2 Catalogue, andpublished radial velocity measurements are used to calculate theGalactic space motions (U, V, W) and to apply Eggen's kinematic criteriain order to determine the membership of the selected stars to thedifferent groups. Additional criteria using age-dating methods forlate-type stars will be applied in forthcoming papers of this series. Afurther study of the list of stars compiled here could lead to a betterunderstanding of the chromospheric activity and their age evolution, aswell as of the star formation history in the solar neighbourhood. Inaddition, these stars are also potential search targets for directimaging detection of substellar companions.
| Ionization of the Local Interstellar Medium
We have determined the distribution of the ionization of theinterstellar medium within the vicinity of the Sun due to theultraviolet radiation from nearby white dwarf stars. If one assumessteady state conditions, the ionization is irregular and does notconsist of one large continuous cloud, but instead consists of irregularregions of ionization with occasional mergers of the Strömgrenspheres. We also present a compilation of the known white dwarf starswithin 20 pc of the Sun.
| A Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs
A catalog of 2249 white dwarfs which have been identifiedspectroscopically is presented complete through 1996 April. Thiscompilation is the fourth edition of the Villanova Catalog ofSpectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs. For each degenerate star, thefollowing data entries with references are provided: (1) a catalogcoordinate designation or WD number, in order of right ascension; (2)the right ascension and declination for epoch 1950.0; (3) the spectraltype based upon the new system; (4) a catalog symbol denoting binarymembership; (5) a list of most names known to exist for a given star;(6) proper motion and position angle; (7) broadband UBV photometry, V,B-V, U-B (8) multichannel spectrophotometry, v(MC), g-r (9)Strömgren narrowband photometry, y, b-y, u-b (10) an absolutevisual magnitude based upon the best available color-magnitudecalibration or trigonometric parallax; (11) the observed radial velocityuncorrected for gravitational redshift or solar motion; and (12) thetrigonometric parallax with mean error when available. Notes for unusualor peculiar stars and a coded Reference Key alphabetized by the firstauthor's last name are presented, as well as an expanded tablecross-referencing all names to the catalog WD number. An introductionand full descriptions of the entries are provided in the text.
| High Proper Motion Stars. III. Radial Velocities of 24 Late-Type Dwarfs
We report 27 radial velocity measurements for 24 stars, all with annualproper motions larger than 1". For 17 of these, no velocities havepreviously been published. We identify a few stars that may bespectroscopic binaries and a sdK star of spectacularly high spacevelocity.
| Library of high-resolution UES echelle spectra of F, G, K and M field dwarf stars
We present a library of Utrecht echelle spectrograph (UES) observationsof a sample of F, G, K and M field dwarf stars covering the spectralrange from 4800 \ Angstroms to 10600 \ Angstroms with a resolution of55000. These spectra include some of the spectral lines most widely usedas optical and near-infrared indicators of chromospheric activity suchas Hβ , Mg i b triplet, Na i D1, D2, He iD3, Hα , and Ca ii IRT lines, as well as a large numberof photospheric lines which can also be affected by chromosphericactivity. The spectra have been compiled with the aim of providing a setof standards observed at high-resolution to be used in the applicationof the spectral subtraction technique to obtain the active-chromospherecontribution to these lines in chromospherically active single andbinary stars. This library can also be used for spectral classificationpurposes. A digital version with all the spectra is available via ftpand the World Wide Web (WWW) in both ASCII and FITS formats. Based onobservations made with the William Herschel Telescope operated on theisland of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group at the Spanish Observatoriodel Roque de Los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof\'{\i
| The Palomar/MSU Nearby Star Spectroscopic Survey.II.The Southern M Dwarfs and Investigation of Magnetic Activity
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.2799H&db_key=AST
| Photometry of Stars with Large Proper Motion
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.2300W&db_key=AST
| The empirical scale of temperatures of the low main sequence (F0V-K5V).
We have calibrated the effective temperatures of the low main sequencestars ranging spectral types from F0 to K5 versus [Fe/H] and colours(B-V), (R-I), (V-R), (V-I), (V-K), (J-H), (J-K) and ubvy-β, using alarge sample of dwarfs and subdwarfs. The effective temperatures, scaledto direct T_eff_ determinations via reliable angular diametermeasurements, were derived applying the InfraRed Flux Method with thenew grid of atmosphere models developed by Kurucz (1993). We have fittedpolynomial functions of the form θ_eff_=P(colour,[Fe/H]) usingthe least squares method. The precision of the fits ranges from 30K for(V-K) to 154K for (J-H). The new relations have been compared toprevious calibrations. We also provide the empirical intrinsic colours(U-B), (B-V), (R-I), (V-R), (V-I), (V-K), (J-H), (J-K) and β, inthe ranges: 4000K[Fe/H]>-2.5.
| The Palomar/MSU Nearby-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. The Northern M Dwarfs -Bandstrengths and Kinematics
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....110.1838R&db_key=AST
| The general catalogue of trigonometric [stellar] paralaxes
Not Available
| Detection of EUV emission from the low activity dwarf HD 4628: Evidence for a cool corona
We present observations of low activity late-type stars obtained withthe Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE). These stars are the slowestrotators, and acoustic heating may dominate their outer atmosphericheating process. We report detection of EUV emission from the lowacitivity K dwarf HD 4628 during the EUVE Deep Survey in the Lexan/boranband. This detection, in conjunction with the non-detection of thisobject in the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC)all-sky survey, suggests the existence of a cool corona with acharacteristic temperature of less than 106 K. The flux andspectral signature are consistent with current theories of acousticheating.
| Broad band JHK infrared photometry of an extended sample of late type dwarfs and subdwarfs.
The results of a long term programme of broad band JHK photometry, for asample of 360 late type stars, made at the Observatorio del Teide(Tenerife, Spain) are presented. Transformations between thesemagnitudes and those of several currently used systems (CIT (Elias etal. 1982 and Carney 1983), Johnson (Johnson 1966, and Lee 1970), and ESO(Bouchet et al. 1991)) are proposed. A comparison to the narrow-bandsystem of Selby et al. (1988) has been made, in order to check theaccuracy of the photometric system. A mean internal accuracy better than0.02mag in the three bands can be inferred from the comparison to thelarge number of stars in common with Carney (1983), and from thedispersion of the multiple measured stars. The list of standards, thefilter passbands and effective wavelengths, together with correlationsbetween the extinction coefficients, ultimately characterize thephotometric IR system of the Observatorio del Teide (TCS). Data ofcomparable quality previously published have been added in order tocomplete the sample. This way the final sample consists of 550 stars.From the analysis of optical and IR colour:colour diagrams, we maydeduce that the range F0-K0 is properly sampled for0.1>[Fe/H]>-3.0. In the range K0-M4, no reliable photometricestimates of metallicity can be assigned, and only a small number ofstars have spectroscopic determination of the metallicity. Nevertheless,after kinematical considerations, the stars in this spectral range arealso expected to sample the galactic populations of dwarfs. Themetallicity effects on the IR and optical colour:colour diagrams arebriefly discussed.
| Lower chromospheric activity in low activity M dwarfs
Four low activity dM(e) stars Gl 105B, Gl 643, Gl 813 and Gl 821 wereobserved spectroscopically in the optical and ultraviolet regions.Despite relatively long integrations, only one of the four haddetectable Ca II K&H emission, Gl 821, which had an observed flux of9 10^-15^ erg/cm2/s, giving a surface flux of only 0.8 10^4^ erg/cm2/s.Similarly, the IUE observations implied very weak Mg II emission. In oneof these stars, Gl 813, the Mg II h&k surface flux was less than 0.410^4^ erg/cm2/s, which is a factor of two less than the previous knownweakest dM(e) star, Gl 105B. Using radiative transfer techniques the CaII H&K fluxes have been derived for a range of model atmospheres.The zero H? flux can be produced by a range of models, this lineis therefore a rather poor constraint for the lower atmosphere. On theother hand, the Ca II K flux can be dramatically effected by simplyvarying the temperature minimum. Comparing our calculations to theobservational data, we find that the Ca II H&K surface fluxes cannotbe reproduced with T_min_ 3000K. However, decreasing the temperatureminimum by less than 400K produces Ca II H&K fluxes of the order of10^3^ erg/cm2/s, in very good agreement with the weakest dM(e) stars.
| The importance of surface inhomogeneities for K and M dwarf chromospheric fluxes
We present published and archived spectroscopic and spectrophotometricdata of H-alpha, Ca II, Mg II, and X-rays for a large sample of K and Mdwarfs. The data set points to the importance that surfaceinhomogeneities have in the flux luminosity diagrams in these late-typedwarfs, irrespective of whether the Balmer lines are in emission orabsorption. Although supporting the fact that cooler stars exhibitincreasing levels of surface activity, evident through an increasingincidence of Balmer emission, surface inhomogeneities, or variations inthe local temperature and density structure, at the chromospheric level,dominate the total Ca II and Mg II fluxes. We show that the flux-fluxand luminosity-luminosity relations indicate differing extents ofinhomogeneity from the chromosphere through to the corona. A goodcorrelation between Ca II and Mg II fluxes indicates that they areformed in overlapping regions of the chromosphere, so that thecontribution of surface inhomogeneities is not evident from thisparticular flux-flux diagram. In the region of the upper chromospherethrough to the transition and corona, the correlation between Ly-alphaand X-ray fluxes indicates regions with similar levels of arealinhomogeneity. This appears to be uncorrelated with that at thechromospheric level.
| Infrared colors of low-mass stars
A total of 322 red dwarf stars are studied in a review of IR IJHKphotometry to discern chromospheric activity and kinematic dataregarding metallicity effects in the IR color:color diagrams. Themetallicity variations are employed to assess changes in the H(-)continuum opacity and water-vapor characterizations. The stars areclassified in terms of metal-richness with five categories includingyoung disk, old disk, and halo types with attention given to the inverserelationship between metallicity and water-band absorption strength. Theresults include IR photometric parallax relations for each metallicitygroup and absolute magnitudes for single stars as well as temperatures,intrinsic colors, and spectral types. The body of data is useful forconstraining models of the interiors and atmospheres of this class ofstars.
| A photometric study of K and M dwarf stars found by Stephenson
Broadband photometry has been obtained for a sample of the K and M dwarfstars found in an objective prism survey by Stephenson (1986). Among thestars with unknown proper motion, about 24 percent of those observedappear from the photometry not to be dwarfs, although the percentagevaries considerably with spectral type. For stars with V less than 11.5and B - V equal to or greater than 1.2, it is estimated that, within thearea surveyed, Stephenson's survey is about 68 percent complete.
| The infrared luminosity function for low-mass stars
IR observational luminosity functions are presented for M dwarfs towardsthe South Galactic Pole and the Hyades cluster. A compilation of VRIJHKdata is given for 200 parallax stars. Two-color NIR/IR diagrams of thedata are used to demonstrate metallicity and gravity effects. It isshown that I-J is the purest temperature color index. The corrections tothe luminosity functions that are necessary to allow for magnitudeerrors (Malmquist effects) are discussed. It is found that there is arise in the luminosity function and the mass function for stars in thesolar neighborhood with masses close to the hydrogen-burning limit.
| Photographic astrometry of binary and proper-motion stars. IV
Parallax data are given for 62 binary and proper motion stars based onobservations obtained between May 1987 and March 1988. The datapresented in tabular form include reference positions, identifiers (BDand GC numbers, if any), visual magnitudes, and spectral types. Massratio results for eight binary stars are also presented. Notes areprovided which indicate the inclusion or replacement of previousmeasurements and which reductions have been applied.
| A catalog of spectroscopically identified white dwarfs
A catalog of 1279 spectroscopically identified white dwarfs ispresented, complete to 1987 January. For each degenerate star, thecatalog lists a coordinate designation, in order of increasing rightascension; the full coordinates for 1950.0; the spectral type on the newwhite dwarf classification system; a symbol denoting binary membership;most known names; proper motion and position angle; broad-band,narrow-band, and multichannel colors; a best available absolutemagnitude; trigonometric parallax; and radial velocity. A Notes sectionand a coded Reference Key are presented, as well as a tablecross-referencing all names to catalog coordinate designation.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | こぎつね座 |
| Right ascension: | 20h57m25.36s |
| Declination: | +22°21'45.9" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 11.929 |
| Distance: | 13.654 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 770.7 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -213 |
| B-T magnitude: | 13.512 |
| V-T magnitude: | 12.06 |
Catalogs and designations:
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