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Characteristics of the Galaxy according to Cepheids
Classical and Type II Cepheids are used to reinvestigate specificproperties of the Galaxy. A new Type II reddening-free Cepheid distanceparametrization is formulated from Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Cepheids(OGLE), with uncertainties typically no larger than 5-15 per cent. Adistance to the Galactic centre of R0 = 7.8 +/- 0.6kpc isderived from the median distance to Type II Cepheids in the bulge(OGLE), R0 = 7.7 +/- 0.7kpc from a distance to the near sideof the bulge combined with an estimated bulge radius of 1.3 +/- 0.3kpcderived from planetary nebulae. The distance of the Sun from theGalactic plane inferred from classical Cepheid variables isZsolar = 26 +/- 3pc, a result dependent on the sample'sdistance and direction because of the complicating effects of Gould'sBelt and warping in the Galactic disc. Classical Cepheids and young openclusters delineate consistent and obvious spiral features, althoughtheir characteristics do not match conventional pictures of the Galaxy'sspiral pattern. The Sagittarius-Carina arm is confirmed as a majorspiral arm that appears to originate from a different Galactic regionthan suggested previously. Furthermore, a major feature is observed toemanate from Cygnus-Vulpecula and may continue locally near the Sun.Significant concerns related to the effects of metallicity on theVI-based reddening-free Cepheid distance relations used here are allayedby demonstrating that the computed distances to the Galactic centre, andto several globular clusters (M54, NGC 6441, M15 and M5) and galaxies(NGC 5128 and NGC 3198) which likely host Type II Cepheids: agree withliterature results to within the uncertainties. An additional empiricaltest is proposed to constrain any putative metallicity dependence ofCepheid distance determinations through forced matches of distanceestimates to a particular galaxy using both Type II and classicalCepheids.
| Cepheid parallaxes and the Hubble constant
Revised Hipparcos parallaxes for classical Cepheids are analysedtogether with 10 Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-based parallaxes. In areddening-free V, I relation we find that the coefficient of logP is thesame within the uncertainties in our Galaxy as in the Large MagellanicCloud (LMC), contrary to some previous suggestions. Cepheids in theinner region of NGC4258 with near solar metallicities confirm thisresult. We obtain a zero-point for the reddening-free relation and applyit to the Cepheids in galaxies used by Sandage et al. to calibrate theabsolute magnitudes of Type Ia supernova (SNIa) and to derive the Hubbleconstant. We revise their result for H0 from 62 to 70 +/-5kms-1Mpc-1. The Freedman et al. value is revisedfrom 72 to 76 +/- 8kms-1Mpc-1. These results areinsensitive to Cepheid metallicity corrections. The Cepheids in theinner region of NGC4258 yield a modulus of 29.22 +/- 0.03 (int.)compared with a maser-based modulus of 29.29 +/- 0.15. Distance modulifor the LMC, uncorrected for any metallicity effects, are 18.52 +/- 0.03from a reddening-free relation in V, I; 18.47 +/- 0.03 from aperiod-luminosity relation at K; 18.45 +/- 0.04 from aperiod-luminosity-colour relation in J, K. Adopting a metallicitycorrection in V, I from Macri et al. leads to a true LMC modulus of18.39 +/- 0.05.
| Photometry and radial velocities of cepheids and other variable stars in the Galaxy and the LMC
UBVRIc and radial velocity measurements are presented for Galactic andLMC Cepheids, and for several variables of other type. The photometrycomprises 168 objects with 1790 phases, and the speedometry 15 objectswith 97 phases.
| Photoelectric Observations of Southern Cepheids in 2001
A total of 2097 photometric observations in the BVIc systemare presented for 117 Cepheids located in the southern hemisphere. Themain purpose of the photometry is to provide new epochs of maximumbrightness for studying Cepheid period changes, as well as to establishcurrent light elements for the Cepheids.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Galactic Cepheids. Catalogue of light-curve parameters and distances
We report a new version of the catalogue of distances and light-curveparameters for Galactic classical Cepheids. The catalogue listsamplitudes, magnitudes at maximum light, and intensity means for 455stars in BVRI filters of the Johnson system and (RI)_C filters of theCron-Cousins system. The distances are based on our new multicolour setof PL relations and on our Cepheid-based solution for interstellarextinction law parameters and are referred to an LMC distance modulus of18.25. The catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Multi-colour PL-relations of Cepheids in the bt HIPPARCOS catalogue and the distance to the LMC
We analyse a sample of 236 Cepheids from the hipparcos catalog, usingthe method of ``reduced parallaxes'' in V, I, K and the reddening-free``Wesenheit-index''. We compare our sample to those considered by Feast& Catchpole (1997) and Lanoix et al. (1999), and argue that oursample is the most carefully selected one with respect to completeness,the flagging of overtone pulsators, and the removal of Cepheids that mayinfluence the analyses for various reasons (double-mode Cepheids,unreliable hipparcos solutions, possible contaminated photometry due tobinary companions). From numerical simulations, and confirmed by theobserved parallax distribution, we derive a (vertical) scale height ofCepheids of 70 pc, as expected for a population of 3-10 Msunstars. This has consequences for Malmquist- and Lutz-Kelker (Lutz &Kelker 1973, Oudmaijer et al. 1998) type corrections which are smallerfor a disk population than for a spherical population. The V and I datasuggest that the slope of the Galactic PL-relations may be shallowerthan that observed for LMC Cepheids, either for the whole period range,or that there is a break at short periods (near log P_0 ~ 0.7-0.8). Westress the importance of two systematic effects which influence thedistance to the LMC: the slopes of the Galactic PL-relations andmetallicity corrections. In order to assess the influence of thesevarious effects, we present 27 distance moduli (DM) to the LMC. Theseare based on three different colours (V,I,K), three different slopes(the slope observed for Cepheids in the LMC, a shallower slope predictedfrom one set of theoretical models, and a steeper slope as derived forGalactic Cepheids from the surface-brightness technique), and threedifferent metallicity corrections (no correction as predicted by one setof theoretical models, one implying larger DM as predicted by anotherset of theoretical models, and one implying shorter DM based onempirical evidence). We derive DM between 18.45 +/- 0.18 and 18.86 +/-0.12. The DM based on K are shorter than those based on V and I andrange from 18.45 +/- 0.18 to 18.62 +/- 0.19, but the DM in K could besystematically too low by about 0.1 magnitude because of a bias due tothe fact that NIR photometry is available only for a limited number ofstars. From the Wesenheit-index we derive a DM of 18.60 +/- 0.11,assuming the observed slope of LMC Cepheids and no metallicitycorrection, for want of more information. The DM to the LMC based on theparallax data can be summarised as follows. Based on the PL-relation inV and I, and the Wesenheit-index, the DM is 18.60 ± 0.11(± 0.08 slope)(^{+0.08}_{-0.15} ;metallicity), which is ourcurrent best estimate. Based on the PL-relation in K the DM is ;;;;18.52 +/- 0.18 (± 0.03 ;slope) (± 0.06 ;metallicity)(^{+0.10}_{-0} ;sampling ;bias). The random error is mostly due to thegiven accuracy of the hipparcos parallaxes and the number of Cepheids inthe respective samples. The terms between parentheses indicate thepossible systematic uncertainties due to the slope of the GalacticPL-relations, the metallicity corrections, and in the K-band, due to thelimited number of stars. Recent work by Sandage et al. (1999) indicatesthat the effect of metallicity towards shorter distances may be smallerin V and I than indicated here. From this, we point out the importanceof obtaining NIR photometry for more (closeby) Cepheids, as for themoment NIR photometry is only available for 27% of the total sample.This would eliminate the possible bias due to the limited number ofstars, and would reduce the random error estimate from 0.18 to about0.10 mag. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the DM to reddening,metallicity correction and slope are smallest in the K-band. Based ondata from the ESA HP astrometry satellite.
| Direct calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation
After the first release of Hipparcos data, Feast & Catchpole gave anew value for the zero-point of the visual Cepheid period-luminosityrelation, based on trigonometric parallaxes. Because of the largeuncertainties on these parallaxes, the way in which individualmeasurements are weighted is of crucial importance. We thereforeconclude that the choice of the best weighting system can be aided by aMonte Carlo simulation. On the basis of such a simulation, it is shownthat (i) a cut-off in π or in σ_ππ introduces a strongbias; (ii) the zero-point is more stable when only the brightestCepheids are used; and (iii) the Feast & Catchpole weighting givesthe best zero-point and the lowest dispersion. After correction, theadopted visual period-luminosity relation is=-2.77logP-1.44+/-0.05. Moreover, we extend this study to thephotometric I band (Cousins) and obtain=-3.05logP-1.81+/-0.09.
| I- and JHK-band photometry of classical Cepheids in the HIPPARCOS catalog
By correlating the \cite[Fernie et al. (1995)]{F95} electronic databaseon Cepheids with the ``resolved variable catalog'' of the hipparcosmission and the simbad catalog one finds that there are 280 Cepheids inthe hipparcos catalog. By removing W Vir stars (Type ii Cepheids),double-mode Cepheids, Cepheids with an unreliable solution in thehipparcos catalog, and stars without photometry, it turns out that thereare 248 classical Cepheids left, of which 32 are classified asfirst-overtone pulsators. For these stars the literature was searchedfor I-band and near-infrared data. Intensity-mean I-band photometry onthe Cousins system is derived for 189 stars, and intensity-mean JHK dataon the Carter system is presented for 69 stars.
| A search for evolutionary changes in the periods of low-amplitude Cepheids
Not Available
| Photoelectric observations of southern Cepheids in 1995
Not Available
| Study of period variability in low-amplitude Cepheids in Perseus, Carina, Scorpius, Scutum, Taurus, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor, and Vela
Not Available
| New method to recognize s-Cepheids
A new method of delineating sinusoidal or s-Cepheids is presented. Themethos uses the values of (V) (the mean intensity), V - Bar (the averagemagnitude), and Vmean (the value of the mean magnitude).Fourier coefficient data from galactic Cepheids is used to derive theseterms in the V band and the differences between the various terms showsystematic trends with increasing period. The Cepheids can be easilygrouped into 3 divisions-short period s-Cepheids, intermediate periodCepheids (P less than 9 days), and long period Cepheids (P greater than9 days). Cepheids previously designated as s-Cepheids by others arecompared to those found using the method outlined here. The method isalso applied to Cepheids in the Small Magellanic Cloud to examine itssuitability as a pulsation mode discriminator.
| The Fourier decomposition as a mode discriminator - New first overtone pulsators among Cepheids with P less than 5.5 D
New very accurate light curves of 12 Cepheids with P less than 5.5 d arepresented. Their Fourier decomposition enabled us to individuate eightother stars which do not follow the Hertzsprung progression. Theproperties of the Fourier parameters of this subclass, now composed by28 objects, are consequently better defined. In the phi(21)-P plane 2stars located on the lower sequence and 2 other stars located on thediscontinuity at 3 d were found. All these 28 stars occupy the sameregion in the R(21)-P plane and the phi(31) values, when available,originate a unique sequence in the phi(31)-P plane. All these loci arewell separated from those of the classical Cepheids, which arefundamental mode pulsators. The hypotheses of a first overtone pulsationand of a resonance between this mode and a higher overtone explain theobservational facts well.
| Physical parameters of pulsating variables with periods between one and three days. II - Fundamental parameters
On the basis of the Walraven VBLUW photometry data reported by Diethelm(1986) on 57 pulsating variables with periods between one and threedays, primary parameters (metallicity, log g, Teff, and the amount ofreddening) were deduced for 11 of these stars, using a semiempiricalapproach based on model atmosphere calculations. Results indicate thatboth the C-delta and the SA-class of the pulsating variables are youngstars of the disc-population pulsating either in the fundamental(C-delta) or in the first overtone mode (SA). The AHB1 stars, whichshowed a marked deficiency in metal abundance, are members of the halopopulaton. The stars of the AHB2 and AHB3 groups, which show anintermediate metallicity, must be considered as members of anintermediate stellar population.
| Physical parameters of pulsating variables with periods between one and three days. I - Photometry and metallicities
Based on a new set of observations in the Walraven VBLUW system,obtained at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile,Fe/H(VBLU) values of 57 pulsating variables, mostly with periods betweenone and three days,. are determined. The distribution of the metalabundances is shown to be essentially bimodal. All the variables withFe/H ratios of less than -0.4 were classified by Diethelm (1983) as RRdstars. They are identified as the galactic field counterpart of theCepheids in the same period range found in globular clusters.
| The Catalogue of Distances and Light Absorption for Cepheids
Not Available
| A search for northern hemisphere double mode cepheids. II - New UBV cepheid photometry
Approximately 500 UBV observations of 32 short period cepheids have beenmade. The observations reported complete photoelectric light curves forall known cepheids north of -25 deg declination, brighter than B = 12.5mag at minimum, and with periods shorter than 5 day. These observationswere made with respect to standardized comparison stars and have amedian of about 15 observations per variable. Newly derived periods forsome of the variables were found using an autocorrelation program. Alist of the observations is presented, along with light curves andfinding charts for some of the lesser known cepheids.
| Cepheides de Faible Amplitude
Not Available
| Le type de population des céphéides galactiques; critères de distinction des types et catalogue
Not Available
| Photoelectric magnitudes and colours at maximum brightness for 184 Cepheids (Errata: 15 330)
Not Available
| A search for Cepheids in galactic clusters.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957ApJ...126..323V
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Puppis |
| Right ascension: | 07h41m49.72s |
| Declination: | -25°02'30.5" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 10.703 |
| Proper motion RA: | -2.6 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 0.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 11.544 |
| V-T magnitude: | 10.773 |
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