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Discovery of a Close Substellar Companion to the Hot Subdwarf Star HD 149382—The Decisive Influence of Substellar Objects on Late Stellar Evolution
Substellar objects, like planets and brown dwarfs orbiting stars, areby-products of the star formation process. The evolution of their hoststars may have an enormous impact on these small companions. Vice versaa planet might also influence stellar evolution as has recently beenargued. Here, we report the discovery of an 8-23 Jupiter-masssubstellar object orbiting the hot subdwarf HD 149382 in 2.391 d ata distance of only about five solar radii. Obviously, the companion musthave survived engulfment in the red giant envelope. Moreover, thesubstellar companion has triggered envelope ejection and enabled the sdBstar to form. Hot subdwarf stars have been identified as the sources ofthe unexpected ultraviolet (UV) emission in elliptical galaxies, but theformation of these stars is not fully understood. Being the brighteststar of its class, HD 149382 offers the best conditions to detect thesubstellar companion. Hence, undisclosed substellar companions offer anatural solution for the long-standing formation problem of apparentlysingle hot subdwarf stars. Planets and brown dwarfs may therefore alterthe evolution of old stellar populations and may also significantlyaffect the UV emission of elliptical galaxies.
| Medium-resolution Isaac Newton Telescope library of empirical spectra - II. The stellar atmospheric parameters
We present a homogeneous set of stellar atmospheric parameters(Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) for MILES, a new spectral stellarlibrary covering the range λλ 3525-7500Å at2.3Å (FWHM) spectral resolution. The library consists of 985 starsspanning a large range in atmospheric parameters, from super-metal-rich,cool stars to hot, metal-poor stars. The spectral resolution, spectraltype coverage and number of stars represent a substantial improvementover previous libraries used in population synthesis models. Theatmospheric parameters that we present here are the result of aprevious, extensive compilation from the literature. In order toconstruct a homogeneous data set of atmospheric parameters we have takenthe sample of stars of Soubiran, Katz & Cayrel, which has very welldetermined fundamental parameters, as the standard reference system forour field stars, and have calibrated and bootstrapped the data fromother papers against it. The atmospheric parameters for our clusterstars have also been revised and updated according to recent metallicityscales, colour-temperature relations and improved set of isochrones.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Medium-resolution Isaac Newton Telescope library of empirical spectra
A new stellar library developed for stellar population synthesismodelling is presented. The library consists of 985 stars spanning alarge range in atmospheric parameters. The spectra were obtained at the2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope and cover the range λλ3525-7500 Å at 2.3 Å (full width at half-maximum) spectralresolution. The spectral resolution, spectral-type coverage,flux-calibration accuracy and number of stars represent a substantialimprovement over previous libraries used in population-synthesis models.
| The Subdwarf Database: Released
The work on the Subdwarf Database, presented at the previous meeting,has been completed, and the tool is now publicly available. The firstrelease contains data from close to 240 different literature sources,but more still awaits entry. The database interface includes advancedsearch capabilities in coordinate, magnitude and color space. Outputtables can be generated in HTML with hyperlinks to automaticallygenerated finding charts, the Aladin viewer and a detailed data sheetthat displays all registered data for each target, including physicaldata such as temperature, gravity and helium abundance, together with afinding chart. Search results can be visualized automatically asinteractive position, magnitude or color diagrams.
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| Beyond the iron group: Heavy metals in hot subdwarfs
We report the discovery of strong photospheric resonance lines of GaIII, Ge IV, Sn IV and Pb IV in the UV spectra of more than two dozen sdBand sdOB stars at temperatures ranging from 22 000 K to 40 000 K. Linesof other heavy elements are also detected, however in these cases moreatomic data are needed. Based on these discoveries, we present ahypothesis to explain the apparent lack of silicon in sdB stars hotterthan 32 000 K. The existence of triply ionised Ge, Sn, and Pbsuggests that rather than silicon sinking deep into the photosphere, itis removed from the star in a fractionated stellar wind. This hypothesisprovides a challenge to diffusion models of sdB stars.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research inAstronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations areassociated with program #8635 and #5319.
| Two New Low Galactic D/H Measurements from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
We analyze interstellar absorption observed toward two subdwarf O stars,JL 9 and LS 1274, using spectra taken by the Far UltravioletSpectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). Column densities are measured for manyatomic and molecular species (H I, D I, C I, N I, O I, P II, Ar I, FeII, and H2), but our main focus is on measuring the D/Hratios for these extended lines of sight, as D/H is an importantdiagnostic for both cosmology and Galactic chemical evolution. We findD/H=(1.00+/-0.37)×10-5 toward JL 9 andD/H=(0.76+/-0.36)×10-5 toward LS 1274 (2 σuncertainties). With distances of 590+/-160 and 580+/-100 pc,respectively, these two lines of sight are currently among the longestGalactic lines of sight with measured D/H. With the addition of thesemeasurements, we see a significant tendency for longer Galactic lines ofsight to yield low D/H values, consistent with previous inferences aboutthe deuterium abundance from D/O and D/N measurements. Short lines ofsight with H I column densities of logN(HI)<19.2 suggest that thegas-phase D/H value within the Local Bubble is(D/H)LBg=(1.56+/-0.04)×10-5. However, thefour longest Galactic lines of sight with measured D/H, which haved>500 pc and logN(HI)>20.5, suggest a significantly lower valuefor the true local disk gas-phase D/H value,(D/H)LDg=(0.85+/-0.09)×10-5. Oneinterpretation of these results is that D is preferentially depletedonto dust grains relative to H and that longer lines of sight thatextend beyond the Local Bubble sample more depleted material. In thisscenario, the higher Local Bubble D/H ratio is actually a betterestimate than (D/H)LDg for the true local disk D/H,(D/H)LD. However, if (D/H)LDg is different from(D/H)LBg simply because of variable astration and incompleteinterstellar medium mixing, then (D/H)LD=(D/H)LDg.Based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far UltravioletSpectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), which is operated for NASA by JohnsHopkins University under NASA contract NAS5-32985.
| Studying the populations of our Galaxy using the kinematics of sdB stars
We have analysed the kinematics of a sample of 114 hot subdwarf stars.For 2/3 of the stars, new proper motions, spectroscopic and photometricdata are presented. The vast majority of the stars show a kinematicbehaviour that is similar to that of Thick Disk stars. Some stars havevelocities rather fitting to solar, i.e. Thin Disk, kinematics. About˜15 objects have orbital velocities which differ considerably fromthose of Disk stars. These are members of the Galactic Halo. Weinvestigated the velocity dispersions and calculated the orbits. Moststars feature orbits with disk character (eccentricity of less than0.5), a few reach far above the Galactic plane and have very eccentricorbits (eccentricity of more than 0.7). The intermediate eccentricityrange is poorly populated. This seems to indicate that the (Thick) Diskand the Halo are kinematically disjunct. Plotting a histogram of theorbit data points along z leads to the z-distance probabilitydistribution of the star; doing this for the whole sample leads to thez-distance probability distribution of the sample. The logarithmichistogram shows two slopes, each representing the scale height of apopulation. The disk component has a scale height of 0.9 (±0.1)kpc, which is consistent with earlier results and is similar to that ofthe Thick Disk. The other slope represents a component with a scaleheight ˜7 kpc, a much flatter gradient than for the diskcomponent. This shows that the vast majority of the sdBs are disk stars,but a Halo minority is present, too. The kinematic history andpopulation membership of the sdB stars on the whole is different fromthat of the cooler HBA stars, which are predominantly or evenexclusively Halo objects. This leads to the question, whether the HalosdB stars are of similar origin as the HBA stars, or whether theirkinematical behaviour possibly represents another origin, such asinfalling stellar aggregates or inner disk events.Based on data obtained at the 1.54 m telescope of the European SouthernObservatory, runs 58.D-0478, 60.D-0306, 62.L-0220, 64.L-0077,64.H-0023(A), 65.H-0250, 65.H-0341(A) and 68.D-0192(A).
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| Kinematical trends among the field horizontal branch stars
Horizontal branch (HB) stars in the field of the Milky Way can be usedas tracers for the study of early stages of the evolution of our galaxy.Since the age of individual HB stars is not known a priori, we havestudied the kinematics of a sample of field HB stars measured withHipparcos to look for signs of age and population nature. Our samplecomprises 14 HBA, 2 HBB and 5 sdB/O stars. We found that the kinematicsof the HBA stars is very different from that of the sdB/O stars(including those from an earlier study). The HBA stars have low orbitalvelocities, some are even on retrograde orbits. Their orbits have largeeccentricities and in many cases reach large distances above thegalactic plane. In contrast, the sdB/O stars show disk-like orbitalcharacteristics. The few HBB stars (with T_eff> 10,000 K) in oursample seem to have kinematics similar to that of the sdB/O stars. Inorder to see if there is a trend among the HB stars in their kinematics,we investigated also RR Lyrae stars measured with Hipparcos. Here wefound a mixed kinematical behaviour, which was already known fromprevious studies. Some RR Lyrae stars have disk-like orbits (most ofthese being metal rich) but the majority has halo-like orbits, verysimilar to those of our HBA stars. Since the atmospheres of most typesof HB stars do not reflect original metallicities any more thekinematics is the only aspect left to study the origin and populationmembership of these stars. Thus, the clear trend found in kinematics ofstars along the HB, which is also a sequence in stellar mass, shows thatthe different kinds of field HB stars arose from stars having differentorigins in age and, e.g., metallicity or mass loss rate. Based in parton HIPPARCOS data
| Spectrophotometry: Revised Standards and Techniques
The telluric features redward of 6700 Å have been removed from theaccurate spectrophotometric standards of Hamuy et al. to permit morereliable relative and absolute spectrophotometry to be obtained from CCDspectra. Smooth fluxes from 3300 to 10500 Å are best determined bydividing the raw spectra of all objects taken in a night by the rawspectrum of a ``smooth'' spectrum star before deriving the instrumentalresponse function using the revised standard star fluxes. In this waythe telluric features and any large instrumental variation withwavelength are removed from the raw data, leaving smooth spectra thatneed only small corrections to place them on an absolute flux scale.These small corrections with wavelength are well described by alow-order polynomial and result in very smooth flux-calibrated spectra.
| Infrared flux excesses from hot subdwarfs. II. 72 more objects
In our search, started in February, 1994, for JHK excess fluxes amongthe hot subdwarf population as an indicator for the presence of binarycompanions, results for 72 more hot objects (=63 hot subdwarfs + 1Horizontal Branch B star + 7 white dwarfs + 1 non-subdwarf object)observed with the Carlos Sanchez CVF IR photometer (in June and October,1994), are presented. The exact number of binary hot subdwarfs hasgained renewed importance after the recent discovery of pulsators withG-F companions. The total number of candidates we propose may help toset some constraints; for example, out of 41 objects with excesses, 13may have G-type binary companions. From our new sample, 14 discoveriesof binary candidates have been found: BD+25 4655, Feige 108, HD 4539, HD149382, HD 216135, KPD 2109+440, LSI+63 198, LSIV+10 9, LSV+22 38, PG0011+221, PG 0116+242, PG 0314+103, PG 2151+100 and TON 139. Besides, 2more from reanalysis of February, 1994, data - BD+37 1977 and BD+481777, may now be found to be IR excess candidates. Two suspectedbinaries, PB 8555 and SB 7, are also confirmed. By fitting \cite[Kurucz(1993)]{kur93} model spectra and assuming zero-age main sequencecompanions, we find upper limits on the subdwarf gravities. Thedistributions of upper limits on log(g), mostly between about 5.25 and6.5, are nearly identical for both sdBs and sdOs. Figure~1 is onlyavailable in the electronic version of the paper(http://www.edpsciences.com)
| The EC14026 stars - VI. PG1047+003
We report the discovery of rapid oscillations in the sdB starPG1047+003. The oscillations are multiperiodic, with nine periods in therange 104-162s. The optical spectrum of PG1047+003 is consistent withthat of a single sdB star. Line profile fitting yields an effectivetemperature of 35000+/-1000K and log g=5.9+/-0.1, although opticalphotometry and IUE spectrophotometry may indicate a cooler effectivetemperature. These properties demonstrate that PG1047+003 is an EC14026star, a recently discovered class of sdB pulsators. Optical and infraredphotometry constrains any cool companion to the sdB star to be amain-sequence star of spectral type M0 or later. With V=13.47 and arelatively rich pulsation spectrum, PG1047+003 is an attractive targetfor an intensive photometric campaign to extract more periods from thelight curve which, along with a suitable grid of pulsation models, willprobe the interior structure of the star.
| A search for magnetic stars in late stages of stellar evolution
No abstract submitted
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| Supplementary southern standards for UBV(RI)c photometry
We present UBV(RI)c photometry for 80 southern red and blue stars foruse as additional standards. The data are tied to the Johnson UBV andCousins (RI)c systems and extend the range of the available stars forcolor equation determination, especially in (U-B) for blue stars and(V-R) and (V-I) for red stars. Comparisons with published data are madeand particularly good agreement is found with Bessell for the red(Gliese) stars.
| A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations: 1996 edition
A fifth Edition of the Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations is presentedherewith. It contains 5946 determinations for 3247 stars, including 751stars in 84 associations, clusters or galaxies. The literature iscomplete up to December 1995. The 700 bibliographical referencescorrespond to [Fe/H] determinations obtained from high resolutionspectroscopic observations and detailed analyses, most of them carriedout with the help of model-atmospheres. The Catalogue is made up ofthree formatted files: File 1: field stars, File 2: stars in galacticassociations and clusters, and stars in SMC, LMC, M33, File 3: numberedlist of bibliographical references The three files are only available inelectronic form at the Centre de Donnees Stellaires in Strasbourg, viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5), or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey - I. Description of the survey
The Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey is a major survey to discover bluestellar objects brighter than B~18 in the southern sky. It is planned tocover an area of sky of 10000 deg^2 with --b-->30 deg and delta<0deg. The blue stellar objects are selected by automatic techniques fromU and B pairs of UK Schmidt Telescope plates scanned with the COSMOSmeasuring machine. Follow-up photometry and spectroscopy are beingobtained with the SAAO telescopes to classify objects brighter thanB=16.5. This paper describes the survey, the techniques used to extractthe blue stellar objects, the photometric methods and accuracy, thespectroscopic classification, and the limits and completeness of thesurvey.
| Magnetic fields in hot subdwarfs.
We present new longitudinal magnetic field measurements of two hotsubdwarfs. From circularly polarized spectra obtained at the 6-metretelescope we infer magnetic fields of B_e_=-1680+/-60G in the sdOsubdwarf BD+75 325 and a variable field in the sdOB subdwarf BD+25 2534,with extrema of -1300G and +1750G.
| Classification of Population II Stars in the Vilnius Photometric System. I. Methods
The methods used for classification of Population II stars in theVilnius photometric system are described. An extensive set of standardswith known astrophysical parameters compiled from the literature sourcesis given. These standard stars are classified in the Vilnius photometricsystem using the methods described. The accuracy of classification isevaluated by a comparison of the astrophysical parameters derived fromthe Vilnius photometric system with those estimated from spectroscopicstudies as well as from photometric data in other systems. For dwarfsand subdwarfs, we find a satisfactory agreement between our reddeningsand those estimated in the uvbyscriptstyle beta system. The standarddeviation of [Fe/H] deter mined in the Vilnius system is about 0.2 dex.The absolute magnitude for dwarfs and subdwarfs is estimated with anaccuracy of scriptstyle <=0.5 mag.
| A search for stars with strong magnetic fields among horizontal-branch stars and hot subdwarfs
Observations obtained with the 6-m BTA telescope for a few A, Bhorizontal-branch stars and hot subdwarfs have been used to measuretheir effective magnetic fields. No magnetic fields similar to those ofAp, Bp main-sequence stars were found.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| A search for stars with strong magnetic fields among horizontal-branch stars and hot subdwarfs
Not Available
| New pulsational properties of eight `anomalous' RR Lyrae variables
CCD photometry in the V band is presented for seven field RR Lyrae starsselected from a sample of eight variables; these, according to datacollected in the literature, are expected to be ab-type pulsators, tohave short periods (and hence high metallicity), and to be located at ahigh z from the Galactic plane. New periods and epochs are derived forthem. The new periods are only slightly shorter than the valuespublished in the fourth edition of the General Catalogue of VariableStars (GCVS4). In six cases our amplitude of the light variation issignificantly smaller than that published in the GCVS4, and in at leastthree cases the actual pulsation appears to be in the first harmonicrather than in the fundamental mode. All the suggested c-type pulsatorsshow variations in the amplitude and/or quite scattered light curves.Some possible explanations are given. From a spectrophotometric analysisof the sample, only DL Com is confirmed to pulsate in the fundamentalmode, to have a short period, and to be located at a relatively high z.However, a single object cannot be taken as evidence for a significantmetal-rich population at a large distance from the Galactic plane.
| Studies of Hot B Subdwarfs. X. The Distribution and Space Density of Hot, Hydrogen-rich Subdwarfs Determined from the Palomar-Green Survey
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..646V
| Atmospheric parameters of field subdwarf B stars
High signal-to-noise ratio optical spectrophotometry of a sample offield subluminous B stars drawn largely from the Palomar Greenultraviolet-excess survey is analyzed with a new grid of modelatmospheres and synthetic spectra. The stellar effective temperatures,surface gravities, and photospheric helium abundances are determinedsimultaneously from a detailed analysis of hydrogen and heliumabsorption line profiles. The derived temperatures and gravities placethe subluminous B stars in the theoroetical Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R)diagram along and bounded below by theoretical sequences of the zero-ageextended horizontal branch, lending strong support to the hypothesisthat these stars are composed of helium-burning cores of approximately0.5 solar mass overlain by very thin layers of hydrogen (approximatelyless than 0.02 solar mass). Various scenarios for their pastevolutionary history are examined in the context of their probablefuture evolution into white dwarfs of lower than average mass.
| Photometry of Stars in the Field of ZZ Draconis
Not Available
| Photometry for Stars in the Field of V Bootis
Not Available
| Photometry of Stars in the Field of V345 and V553 Aquilae
Not Available
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